Masters Of Command: Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar... -

Strauss identifies ten traits that these commanders shared, though each displayed them in varying degrees:

: The "strategic intuition" to make sound decisions with imperfect information.

: The willingness to take massive calculated risks, like Hannibal’s crossing of the Alps. Masters of Command: Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar...

: A mix of decisive command and the "common touch" that earned their soldiers' trust.

: Using grand causes and symbols to appear as liberators or demigods. Strauss identifies ten traits that these commanders shared,

: Being "soldiers for all seasons," capable of shifting from conventional war to counterinsurgency or urban combat.

: The strategic use of massacres and harsh punishment to break enemy resistance. Masters of Command: Alexander, Hannibal, Caesar...

: Driven by philotimia (love of honor) and megalopsychia (greatness of soul).