Operating systems like Microsoft Windows, by default, hide known file extensions to create a cleaner user interface. Cybercriminals exploit this behavior through a social engineering technique called . Visual Deception When a user receives a file named Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 : The real file extension is the final .mp4 .
The user believes they are safely opening a video file, lowering their security vigilance.
To mitigate the risks associated with masqueraded file extensions, organizations and individuals should adopt the following protocols:
: Modify operating system folder views to always show file extensions for all file types.
If the OS is set to hide known extensions, it will hide that final .mp4 . The user only sees Happy New Year.mp4 .
While standard .mp4 files are generally non-executable data containers, they are not entirely risk-free.
This paper analyzes the security implications of files named with repeating or double extensions, such as Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 or Happy New Year.mp4.exe . This technique leverages default operating system display settings to deceive users into executing malicious code, assuming it is a harmless media file. 2. The Mechanics of the Double Extension
The file Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 represents a classic social engineering trick called a double extension . It relies on operating systems hiding the trailing extension so that a user safely runs what they believe is a harmless video, potentially triggering a malicious script or exploiting a media player vulnerability.
Operating systems like Microsoft Windows, by default, hide known file extensions to create a cleaner user interface. Cybercriminals exploit this behavior through a social engineering technique called . Visual Deception When a user receives a file named Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 : The real file extension is the final .mp4 .
The user believes they are safely opening a video file, lowering their security vigilance.
To mitigate the risks associated with masqueraded file extensions, organizations and individuals should adopt the following protocols:
: Modify operating system folder views to always show file extensions for all file types.
If the OS is set to hide known extensions, it will hide that final .mp4 . The user only sees Happy New Year.mp4 .
While standard .mp4 files are generally non-executable data containers, they are not entirely risk-free.
This paper analyzes the security implications of files named with repeating or double extensions, such as Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 or Happy New Year.mp4.exe . This technique leverages default operating system display settings to deceive users into executing malicious code, assuming it is a harmless media file. 2. The Mechanics of the Double Extension
The file Happy New Year.mp4.mp4 represents a classic social engineering trick called a double extension . It relies on operating systems hiding the trailing extension so that a user safely runs what they believe is a harmless video, potentially triggering a malicious script or exploiting a media player vulnerability.
Ligeti and mathematics
The renowned mathematician Heinz-Otto Peitgen talks about his friendship with György Ligeti, the composer's interest in mathematics and the discoveries of chaos theory.
First page of the autograph fair score of L’escalier du diable (Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel).
Copy of the autograph fair score of L'escalier du diable, with annotations by the composer, page 1 (detail), Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel. The inscription in the right-hand margin reads 'revised MS, this is authoritative'.
Copy of the autograph fair score of L'escalier du diable, with annotations by the composer, page 1 (detail), Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel. The inscription in the right-hand margin reads 'revised MS, this is authoritative'. Happy New Year.mp4.mp4
Bar 7-2: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 7/2, left hand, 9th – 11th quaver (eighth note)
Bar 36-3: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 36/3, right hand, 9th – 12th quaver (eighth note) Operating systems like Microsoft Windows, by default, hide
Bar 41: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 41/1, left hand, 8th – 12th quaver (eighth note)
Copy of the autograph fair score of L’escalier du diable, with annotations by the composer, page 6 (detail), Paul Sacher Foundation, Basel. The user believes they are safely opening a
Bar 45-3: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 45/3, right hand, 11th – 12th quaver (eighth note)
Bar 46-1a: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 46/1, right hand, 3th – 4th quaver (eighth note)
Bar 46-1b: György Ligeti: Étude 13, bar 46/1, right hand, 5th – 7th quaver (eighth note)
