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This was the first "all-European" war, involving most states of the continent. : The Habsburg Bloc : Austria and Spain (Catholic).

: Established that each ruler has the right to determine the religion of their state. This was the first "all-European" war, involving most

: Albrecht von Wallenstein (Imperial general) and Gustavus Adolphus (King of Sweden). This was the first "all-European" war

: Major powers (Habsburgs vs. France) fought for European hegemony. This was the first "all-European" war, involving most

This treaty ended the war and laid the foundation for modern international relations:

: A turning point where Ottoman expansion into Europe was definitively halted.

: France and Sweden gained significant lands; the independence of the Netherlands and Switzerland was officially recognized.