In Why Torture Doesn’t Work: The Neuroscience of Interrogation , neuroscientist Shane O'Mara argues that torture fails as an interrogation method because extreme stress impairs the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, hindering memory retrieval and increasing false, manufactured confessions. Instead, science-based approaches like rapport-building and meeting basic needs are more effective for gathering reliable information. Read a review of the book at Brennan Center for Justice . Shane O'Mara's Why Torture Doesn't Work - PMC - NIH