Modern turnout gear typically consists of a , each serving a specific protective function:
Thermal protective clothing, commonly known as or bunker gear , is the primary personal protective equipment (PPE) that shields firefighters from extreme thermal environments, including radiant heat, flames, and hot surfaces . It is a complex engineering system designed to balance life-saving insulation with the physiological need for heat dissipation. Structure of Turnout Gear Thermal Protective Clothing for Firefighters