Dr. Fredric Wertham’s landmark 1948 symposium, "The Psychopathology of Comic Books," argued that comic books were a primary driver of juvenile delinquency, fostering violence, cruelty, and illiteracy. This foundational critique heavily influenced the creation of the Comics Code Authority, although modern researchers often view Wertham's findings as based on flawed, anecdotal evidence. For a closer look at the symposium, read the text at SciSpace .