Cipolla categorizes behavior into four types based on gains/losses for oneself and others:
Book Review-The Basic Laws of Human Stupidity - Thor Projects The basic laws of human stupidity
The is a seminal essay by Italian economic historian Carlo M. Cipolla , first published in 1976. It presents a satirical yet rigorous framework for understanding stupidity as a distinct and highly dangerous social force. The Five Basic Laws Cipolla categorizes behavior into four types based on
Everyone consistently underestimates the number of stupid individuals. The basic laws of human stupidity
Stupid people are the most dangerous type because their irrational actions are unpredictable. Cipolla's Matrix of Human Behavior