Sthambham -

: Specific to the deity of the temple—Garuda sthambhas are found in Vishnu temples , while Nandi sthambhas are located at the entrance of Shiva temples .

An 11-foot-high megalithic menhir located in Telangana, reflecting prehistoric cultural practices. Ashoka Pillar, Sarnath Historical landmark OpenVaranasi, Khajuhi, Uttar Pradesh, India STHAMBHAM

: The pillar represents the axis mundi, connecting the heavens and the earth. Its placement is often calculated based on geo-magnetic and astronomical forces to channel energy to devotees. : Specific to the deity of the temple—Garuda

: These pillars are believed to be areas where the deity's power is concentrated. Devotees often offer prayers to the sthambham before entering the main sanctum. Historical Examples UGRA STAMBHAM - Ahobilam Hindu temple Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh, India reflecting prehistoric cultural practices. Ashoka Pillar