The "Iron" rule of Nicholas I: strengthening the bureaucracy, the Crimean War, and the beginnings of industrialization. Abolition of Serfdom (1861). Zemstvo, Judicial, Military, and City reforms.
Economic growth and the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The "Iron" rule of Nicholas I: strengthening the
key dates, events, and figures (e.g., Kutuzov, Alexander II, Witte). the Crimean War
This guide outlines the standard structure and content for a "Working Program" (Rabochaya Programma) for 8th-grade Russian History based on the textbook by . This curriculum typically focuses on 19th-century Russia (the "Long 19th Century"), covering the period from the reign of Alexander I to the end of the century. 1. Program Overview and figures (e.g.
Foreign policy: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) and expansion into Central Asia. The policy of "Counter-reforms" and social stability.