: A major portion of the 10th-grade program focuses on the 18th and 19th centuries—crucial periods of modernization under Peter the Great and the subsequent reforms and revolutions. Structure and Content

The program typically divides the 10th-grade year into specific historical blocks:

: Volobuev emphasizes the development of Russia as a distinct "civilization" with its own unique social, cultural, and political structures.

: The rise of Moscow and the transformation of Russia into a kingdom.