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: Characterized by initial excitement and fascination with the new environment. Travelers often focus on similarities and view differences as charming.

: Individuals begin to understand cultural nuances, gain confidence in their communication, and develop new routines.

The most recognized framework for understanding this experience is the , pioneered by sociologist Sverre Lysgaard. This model suggests that psychological adjustment typically follows four distinct stages:

: A state of stable biculturalism where the person can function effectively and appreciate both their native and host cultures. Psychological Impact and Symptoms

Culture shock is often considered a significant stressor that can impair mental well-being. Common psychological symptoms include: Culture Shock | Counseling and Psychological Services

: As the novelty wears off, reality sets in. Minor tasks become exhausting, and cultural differences lead to irritation, homesickness, and a sense of helplessness.