Warfare didn't exist in that form; it was too early for his military model. Agricultural spread (7000 BC)
The introduction of chariot warfare and large-scale "battlefield warfare". Militarism and the Indo-Europeanizing of Europe
He argues military forces from the Eurasian steppe and southern Caucasia seized resource-rich areas, such as: Copper and silver mines in Greece . Gold mines in the Carpathian basin . Amber coasts in Scandinavia . 🏛️ Disputing the Conventional Wisdom Warfare didn't exist in that form; it was
Modern ancient DNA studies increasingly support earlier, massive migrations from the Steppe during the Yamnaya period (c. 3000 BC), complicating Drews' 1600 BC focus. Gold mines in the Carpathian basin
He suggests that before 1600 BC, Europe knew "fighting" but not organized "warfare". He posits that true militarism emerged only when the horse-drawn chariot allowed for decisive, open-field battles. 🔍 Academic Reception & Critique