: The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) broke out. Figures like Joan of Arc helped France unify. In England, the Magna Carta (1215) limited royal power.
: Medieval life centered on the castle. Knights followed a code of honor and relied on the labor of serfs (dependent peasants). : The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) broke out
: The Church was the largest landowner. The Great Schism (1054 AD) split Christianity into Catholic and Orthodox branches. : The Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) broke out