: Strict allow-listing of expected characters can prevent special symbols like ; or -- from reaching the query.
: In many modern systems, database errors are hidden from the user. An attacker cannot see "Success" or "Error" messages. {KEYWORD}';WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5'--
: Once a vulnerability is confirmed, attackers can use similar techniques to extract sensitive information, like user credentials or financial data. : Strict allow-listing of expected characters can prevent
: This is a specific T-SQL (Microsoft SQL Server) command. It instructs the database engine to pause execution for exactly 5 seconds before returning a response. : Once a vulnerability is confirmed, attackers can
: An attacker could use a much longer delay or a loop to tie up database connections, effectively performing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.
: This character acts as a statement terminator, allowing a second, malicious command to be executed immediately after.