Elias was living with an . Deep within the protective lining of his brain—the dura mater—a biological short-circuit had formed. Normally, high-pressure arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to tissues, which then drains into low-pressure veins. In Elias’s case, an artery had connected directly to a vein, bypassing the stabilizing network of capillaries.
: As the glue hardened, the short-circuits closed. The blood was immediately redirected into its proper, healthy channels. The Silence Intracranial and Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fis...
: Surgeons threaded a tiny catheter through an artery in Elias's leg, traveling all the way up to the site of the fistulas. Elias was living with an