: The "bell curve" used for modeling returns and physical measurements.

The primary goal of ETF2334 is to move beyond basic descriptive statistics and into —using data samples to make valid generalizations about larger populations. This is essential for evidence-based decision-making in finance, marketing, and economics. Key Conceptual Pillars

: Understanding the behavior of variables through models such as:

: Using standard deviation and variance to measure the volatility of investment portfolios.