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: Traders use forward equations (such as those by Bruno Dupire ) to price options or extract implied volatilities from current market data using methods like the Fokker-Planck equation.

: This research tests the "unbiasedness hypothesis" for forward volatility. It concludes that forward implied volatility is a systematically biased predictor that often overestimates future spot volatility in foreign exchange. Download FWD, Vol zip

: This paper defines three notions of model-based forward implied volatility (fully-conditional, partially-conditional, and expected) and uses the SABR model for calibration in currency markets. : Traders use forward equations (such as those

: This study examines forward volatilities averaged across major firms (like the DJIA) and forecasts volatility term structures over multi-year periods. : This paper defines three notions of model-based

: It is a measure of the implied volatility of a financial instrument over a specific future time span, extracted from the current term structure of volatility (differences in volatility for instruments with different maturities).