: The incidence of death in a population. Improvements in healthcare and nutrition have led to a significant increase in global life expectancy, which rose by over eight years between 1995 and 2026.
: Birth rates fall below death rates, leading to an aging and potentially shrinking population—a stage now characterizing many advanced economies like Japan and Italy. Demography: The Study of Human Population
Most modern demographic analysis is framed by the , which describes the historical shift from high birth and death rates to low ones as societies develop. : The incidence of death in a population