And Organizations: Software Of The Min... | Cultures

How much a culture feels threatened by ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them by establishing rigid rules and formalities.

Societies that value assertiveness, competition, and material success vs. those that prioritize modesty, cooperation, and quality of life.

The extent to which less powerful members of a society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Min...

A critical distinction in the book is that and organizational cultures are fundamentally different:

Acquired early in life, mostly unconscious, and rooted in shared values (e.g., what is "good" or "evil"). How much a culture feels threatened by ambiguous

In their seminal work Geert Hofstede , Gert Jan Hofstede, and Michael Minkov use a computer metaphor to explain human behavior. They argue that culture acts as a "mental program" or "software" that provides the basic structure for how we think, feel, and act within our social landscapes. The Core Metaphor: Culture as Mental Software

How much a culture allows for the free gratification of basic human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. National vs. Organizational Culture The extent to which less powerful members of

To visualize these layers, the authors use an "onion" diagram: