: Paradoxically, Western capitalism has spawned both secularism and religious fundamentalism. Fundamentalism persists as it fulfills emotional and spiritual needs that shallow secular lives may fail to meet.
: Friedrich Nietzsche’s phrase "God is dead" was an analysis of contemporary civilization rather than a simple attack on faith. It signified the erosion of a divine moral order, warning that this loss would lead to nihilism and the "unchaining of the earth from the sun". Culture and the death of God
: The decline of divine authority paved the way for worldviews emphasizing human agency, reason, and ethics independent of a deity. 2. The Search for Surrogates It signified the erosion of a divine moral
: Philosophers sought to replace God with rationality and science, though many still relied on God as a guarantor of Reason. The Search for Surrogates : Philosophers sought to