Crimean War -

The "Concert of Europe" was destroyed; Austria and Russia became enemies due to Austria's neutrality, paving the way for the later unification of Italy and Germany [5.1].

Czar Nicholas I sought to expand into the Balkans and control the Black Sea [5.6, 5.28].

Famous for the "Charge of the Light Brigade," a catastrophic, miscommunicated cavalry charge against Russian forces, immortalized by Alfred, Lord Tennyson [5.2, 5.13]. Crimean War

The war stemmed from long-standing tensions over the "Eastern Question"—the potential collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the resulting power vacuum [5.4, 5.12].

Russian defeat; Crimean peninsula neutralized (Black Sea closed to warships); territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire maintained [5.10, 5.27]. 1. Origins and Causes The "Concert of Europe" was destroyed; Austria and

October 1853 – February 1856 (formal treaty in March 1856) [5.11].

Siege of Sevastopol, Battle of Balaclava (Charge of the Light Brigade), Battle of Alma, Battle of Inkerman [5.10]. The war stemmed from long-standing tensions over the

Allied forces landed in September 1854 and successfully defeated the Russians at the Battle of the Alma [5.15].