: Research from Harvard Health indicates that genetics can account for up to 70–80% of a person's predisposition to be overweight.

: Scientific critics argue that BMI is often inaccurate because it fails to distinguish between fat and muscle mass. The "Chubby" Athlete Strategy All Sizes Fit All: The Case for Normalizing Fatness Onstage

: Many creators and writers use the term to reclaim their narrative, focusing on kindness and empathy over harsh judgment.

Modern wellness culture is shifting toward "real-life" fitness. This movement celebrates individuals who balance an active lifestyle with a non-traditional "athlete" body type.

: Unlike clinical terms like "obese," the word "chubby" often carries more positive social connotations .

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