If you want to dive deeper, several highly-rated guides break down these complex topics into manageable "nutshells."
Astrophysics in a Nutshell: A Guide to the Cosmos Astrophysics is the "love child" of physics and astronomy. While astronomy focuses on observing and describing the night sky, astrophysics uses the laws of physics—like gravity, electromagnetism, and thermodynamics—to explain things happen out there. Core Concepts to Know Astrophysics in a Nutshell (aka Basic Astrophys...
Because light has a finite speed, looking at distant objects means seeing them as they were in the past. Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach us, while light from distant galaxies can take millions of years. If you want to dive deeper, several highly-rated
This is the "big picture" branch of astrophysics that studies the origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of the universe itself, including the Big Bang and dark energy. Helpful Resources for Beginners Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes