Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books Ii--iv: Tr... Apr 2026

: Acts originating in the agent with knowledge of the circumstances.

: Virtue is a "mean" state between two vicious extremes: Excess : Having too much of a trait (e.g., Rashness). Deficiency : Having too little of a trait (e.g., Cowardice).

Aristotle establishes that moral virtue is not innate but is acquired through —by repeatedly doing virtuous acts until they become part of one's character. Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...

This guide covers Books II through IV of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics , focusing on the edition translated with commentary by C.C.W. Taylor . 🏛️ Book II: The Nature of Virtue

Aristotle investigates the conditions under which we are responsible for our actions and details the first two specific virtues. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Action : Acts originating in the agent with knowledge

: The mean regarding bodily pleasures (specifically touch and taste). The temperate person desires pleasant things in the right amount and manner. Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle | Book 2

: The mean regarding fear and confidence. It is the willingness to face death or pain for a noble end. Aristotle establishes that moral virtue is not innate

: Intellectual (taught) and Moral (habituated).