: Caused by acceleration or rotation of the aircraft's mass.
: For aircraft with pressurized cabins, the skin must resist the internal pressure differential to prevent collapse or fatigue.
: Includes engine thrust, torque, gyroscopic moments, and vibrations. Structural Layout and Components
: These include maneuver loads (e.g., pull-ups or turns), gust loads from atmospheric turbulence, and loads from control surface deflections.